Tetraploid
marsh orchids in the British Isles
Nomenclature,
in terms of either scientific or vernacular names, can be a bit of a
jungle as species, subspecies, and varieties are reclassified.
Based on Bateman & Denholm's "Taxonomic reassessment of the
British and Irish tetraploid marsh-orchids" (New Journal of Botany, 2 (1), 37, 2012), the
current 'good' tetraploid Dactylorhiza species in the British Isles are:
D.
praetermissa
(Druce) Soo
|
|
Southern
Marsh
['Leopard Marsh' = var. junialis;
D. incarnata
ssp. cruenta
(aka 'Flecked
Marsh-Orchid')
sometimes
also goes by
this
name.]
|
D.
kerryensis
(Wilmott) Hunt & Summerhayes
|
|
Irish
Marsh [=D. occidentalis (Pugsley) Delforge]
|
D.
purpurella
(T & TA Stephenson) Soo
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|
Northern
Marsh
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D. traunsteinerioides
(Pugsley) Landwehr
|
|
Pugsley's
Marsh
['Narrow-leaved Marsh']
['Lapland Marsh' = ssp. francis-drucei]
['Hebridean Marsh' = ssp.
francis-drucei var. ebudensis]
N.B. plants previously
assigned to D. 'traunsteinerioides'
"south of a line from the Severn to the Wash" are
now considered D. praetermissa ssp. schoenophila ("Glacial progress: do we finally understand the narrow-leaved marsh-orchids?"; Bateman, New Journal of Botany 1(1), 2, 2011).
|
We also have two diploid species of Dactylorhiza (D. fuchsii, D. incarnata) and one tetraploid (D. maculata), as well as the distinct D. viridis.
Notes:
- D. traunsteineri:
'Traunstein's narrow-leaved marsh orchid', a Continental (largely
alpine) species is distinct from, and not to be confused with,
Pugsley's, D. traunsteinerioides.
- D. lapponica ['Lapland Marsh']: now D.
traunsteinerioides ssp.
francis-druce in British Isles
(Scandinavian D. lapponica still
good).
- D. ebudensis ['Hebridean
Marsh']: now D.
traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei
var. ebudensis, by way of
- D. majalis (Reichenbach f.) P. F. Hunt & Summerhayes
ssp. scotica,
- D. majalis ssp. occidentalis (Pugsley) Soo var. ebudensis,
- D. majalis ssp. occidentalis var. scotica, and
- D. majalis ssp. occidentalis var. ebudensis Wiefelspiitz ex
R. M. Bateman & Denholm
See
"The 'Hebridean Marsh-orchid': nomenclatural and
conceptual clarification of a biological enigma"
R.M. Bateman
& I. Denholm, Edinb. J.
Bot., 52 (1), 55,
1995.
- D.
majalis ['Western Marsh', 'Broad-leaved Marsh']: not found
in
British Isles (European D. majalis
still good).
Given the
foregoing, we can map the names used in some recent standard
reference
books onto current nomenclature (Cole & Waller postdates Bateman
& Denholm and takes the latter's work into account):
As
given in book
|
|
Current
|
Allan, Woods & Clarke: Wild orchids of Scotland
(HMSO 1994)
|
| D. majalis ssp. scotica |
[Hebridean]
|
|
D.
traunsteinerioides ssp.
francis-drucei var. ebudensis
|
D. purpurella
|
Northern
|
|
good
|
D. lapponica
|
'Lapland'
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei
|
| D.
traunsteineri |
Narrow-leaved
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides |
|
|
|
|
Lang: Britain's orchids
(WILDGuides, 2004)
|
D.
praetermissa
|
Southern
|
|
good
|
D.
purpurella
|
Northern
|
|
good
|
D.
majalis ssp. scotica
|
'Western'
|
|
D. kerryensis var. occidentalis
|
D.
majalis ssp. cambrensis
|
'Western'
|
|
D. purpurella var. cambrensis
|
D.
traunsteineri
|
'Narrow-leaved'
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. traunsteineri
|
D.
lapponica
|
'Lapland'
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei
|
|
|
|
|
Foley & Clarke: Orchids of the British Isles (Griffin
Press, 2005)
|
D.
praetermissa
|
Southern
|
|
good
|
D.
traunsteinerioides
|
Pugsley's
|
|
good
|
D.
ebudensis
|
'Hebridean'
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei var. ebudensis
|
D.
purpurella
|
Northern
|
|
good
|
D.
occidentalis
|
Irish
|
|
D.
kerryensis |
|
|
|
|
Harrap & Harrap: Orchids of Britain & Ireland
(Bloomsbury 2005, 2009)
|
| D.
praetermissa |
Southern |
|
good |
| D.
traunsteinerioides |
Pugsley's |
|
good |
| D.
ebudensis |
'Hebridean' |
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei var. ebudensis |
| D.
purpurella |
Northern |
|
good |
| D.
occidentalis |
Irish |
|
D.
kerryensis |
|
|
|
|
Delforge:
Orchids of Europe, North
Africa and the Middle East
(A&C Black
2006)
|
D. occidentalis
|
|
|
D. kerryensis
|
| D.
ebudensis |
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei var. ebudensis |
| D.
lapponica |
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei
(in UK; good in Europe)
|
| D.
traunsteinerioides |
|
|
good
|
D.
kerryensis
|
|
|
good (D. kerryensis var. occidentalis)
|
D.
purpurella
|
|
|
good
|
D.
cambrensis
|
|
|
D. purpurella var. cambrensis
|
D.
praetermissa
|
|
|
good
|
|
|
|
|
Curtis & Thompson: The Orchids of
Ireland
(National Museums Northern Ireland, 2009)
|
D. majalis ssp. occidentalis
|
Irish
|
|
D. kerryensis
|
D. majalis var. brevifolia
|
Northern
|
|
D. purpurella
|
D. majalis ssp. traunsteinerioides
|
Narrow-leaved
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides |
|
|
|
|
Sayers & Sex: Ireland's
Wild Orchids
(Collins Press, 2013)
|
D. occidentalis
|
Western
|
|
D. kerryensis
|
D. purpurella
|
Northern
|
|
good
|
D. traunsteineri
|
Narrow-leaved
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides
|
|
|
|
|
Harrap: A
Pocket Guide to the Orchids of Britain and Ireland
(Bloomsbury, 2016)
|
D.
praetermissa
|
Southern
|
|
good
|
D.
purpurella
|
Northern
|
|
good
|
D.
traunsteinerioides
|
Pugsley's
|
|
good
|
D.
ebudensis
|
'Hebridean'
|
|
D. traunsteinerioides ssp. francis-drucei var. ebudensis |
D.
kerryensis
|
Irish
|
|
good
|
|